Mr Juncker, who heads the Eurogroup of eurozone finance ministers, said if Greece failed to convince its peers within the monetary union with its austerity measures, it faced the risk of sanctions.
"Greece must know that taxpayers in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg aren't ready to correct the failings of Greek budgetary policy," he told Deutschlandfunk German radio from Brussels.
Finance ministers of the 16-nation eurozone told Greece on Monday night it would have to introduce more spending cuts and revenue-raising measures next month if it appeared unable to slash this year's budget deficit by as much as promised.
Mr Juncker, chairman of the ministers' group, said the Greek government "should focus on expenditure cuts, for example cutting current capital expenditure ... but also include revenue-increasing measures".
His statement made clear that European Union policymakers had turned a deaf ear to Greece's appeals to switch the emphasis from new austerity measures to spelling out a rescue plan that would calm market fears of a Greek default.
Greece has promised to cut its deficit by 4 percentage points to 8.7 percent of gross domestic product this year in a plan that won cautious Commission approval two weeks ago, after the government included more tax increases and wage cuts.
George Papandreou, Greece's premier, warned his EU partners at a summit last week that his government would risk political destruction if it were to ask people to accept more belt-tightening after they had been led to believe that the EU authorities had endorsed its plan.
But Olli Rehn, the EU's monetary affairs commissioner, said: "Our view is that risks related to the implementation and macro-economy and markets are materialising -- and therefore there is a clear case for additional measures."
The eurozone finance ministers maintained the pressure, keeping the focus on Greek fulfilment of its promises, and not on explaining how a vague EU promise of support made at last Thursday's summit would translate into specific assistance.
"I ask those who want new [austerity] measures, 'If we announced today new measures, would that stop markets attacking Greece?' My guess is that what will stop markets attacking Greece is a further, more explicit step that makes operational what was decided last Thursday at the European Council," said George Papaconstantinou, Greece's finance minister.
"The biggest deficit we're facing as a country is not the deficit in the public accounts, it's the credibility deficit," he told a meeting of the European Policy Centre think-tank.
The risks to European companies from the Greek crisis were highlighted by BusinessEurope, the EU's employers' association, which said rising tensions on government bond markets were damaging economic recovery by limiting companies' access to bank finance and raising the cost of capital.
But German opposition to a rescue of Greece remains strong. "Once Greece was helped, the dam would be broken. A bail-out for the country that broke the rules would make it impossible to deny aid to others," Otmar Issing, the ECB's former chief economist, writes in Tuesday's Financial Times.
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